The basic idea is to cache all parts of the page without one of the "problems" mentioned above and then make separate requests for those.  This core of the problem is caching "nests".

The nest cachability test will have three levels:

• cacheable name?  - no if _main, _user, etc.  otherwise...
• cacheable view? - view can be always, never, or sometimes.  if sometimes then...
• cacheable core? - this is a quality of the set.  if the core view is cacheable, then all views that depend on the core are, too

Publicly viewable pages can be cached with Varnish.